Slide 1: The Future of Online Learning and Personal Learning Environments Stephen Downes April 18, 2007
Slide 2: Online Learning • Has been around since 1995 or so • Really grew with the World Wide Web • Has advanced tremendously Many positive developments in the last few years worth sharing…
Slide 3: Open Source Applications • Learning Management Systems such as Moodle, Sakai, Bodington, ATutor • Development and CommunityTools such as LAMS, Connexions, ELGG, Drupal, WordPress • Supporting Software such as Firefox, Thunderbird, OpenOffice, Audacity
Slide 4: Open Educational Resources • MIT’s OpenCourseWare project and the OpenCourseWare Consortium • Open University’s Open Courses • OER initiatives Hewlett, Wellcome, OECD, UNESCO • Creative Commons and CC materials in Flickr, Yahoo, Google, Wikipedia, Wikiversity, etc.
Slide 5: New Environments • Multimedia explosion podcasts, vodcasts, YouTube, Slideshare, more • Mobile computing mobile phones, PDAs, etc. • The 3D web Second Life is a start, we will see more of this
Slide 6: Access… • One-to-one computing such as the Maine laptop project, now spreading rapidly • One Laptop per Child has launched – computers in Nigeria • Wireless access 3G networks, WLAN…
Slide 7: The Internet of 2007 It looks like nothing before… – Like open source – Like Social Networks – Like blogs and blogging – Like wikis and collaborative writing – Like tagging and Digg and… It looks like Web 2.0 Stallman
Slide 8: The Concept… • Learning is centered around the interests of the learner • This learning is immersive – learning by doing • The computer connects the student to the rest of the world
Slide 9: Game Based Learning Types: Branching, Spreadsheet, Game, Lab… http://www.downes.ca/cgi-bin/website/view.cgi?dbs =Article&key=1116274375
Slide 10: Workflow (Informal) Learning Types: Community of Practice, Environment, Visualization… http://metatime.blogspot.com/
Slide 11: Online Learning at the Crossroads • On the one hand – we have developed tools and systems intended to support traditional classroom based learning • On the other hand – we could (should?) be developing tools and systems to support immersive learning • We should be developing for dynamic, immersive, living systems…
Slide 12: First Iteration: User-Produced Media • Blogs and Blogging • Podcasting and Vodcasting • Game mods and other multimedia
Slide 13: Web 2.0: The Learning Network • The e-Portfolio lives in the intersection between the worlds for education, work, and home • A model for e-Portfolio as a learner- managed construct • Key requirement is easy-to-use tools and hosting services* • *E.g. the “e-Portfolio-as-blog” approach Scott Wilson: http://www.cetis.ac.uk/members/scott/entries/20050523083528
Slide 14: The Idea of the PLE… http://www.cetis.ac.uk/members/ple/resources/edf.ppt
Slide 15: Plex Personal Learning Environment Example http://reload.ces.strath.ac.uk/plex/
Slide 16: Collecting and Filtering RSS http://www.downes.ca/mygluframe.htm
Slide 17: RSS Writr http://www.downes.ca/editor/writr.htm
Slide 18: Edu_RSS Viewer http://www.downes.ca/cgi-bin/page.cgi?action=viewer
Slide 19: Edu_RSS 0.2 http://www.downes.ca/edurss02.htm
Slide 20: The Challenge… How to find the right resource… • at the right time • for the right person
Slide 21: The old way – use descriptions http://www.capuano.biz/Papers/ITS%202000/ITS%202000.htm • Dublin Core • Learning Object Metadata
Slide 22: The New Way: Recommender Systems The idea is that associations are mapped between: • User profile – properties of given users • Resource profile – properties of the resource • Previous evaluations of other resources http://www.slideshare.net/Downes/projecting-quality http://www.slideshare.net/Downes/quality-standards-its-all-about-teaching-and-learning/
Slide 23: Relations between Entities…
Slide 24: Finding Resources is like Finding Patterns in the Mesh the knowledge is in the network Old: universals – rules – categories New: patterns – patterns – similarities the knowledge is the network http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/OldArchive/bbs.tenenbaum.html Tenenbaum
Slide 25: Pattern Recognition… Gibson
Slide 26: stands for? Hopfield Or is caused by? Distributed Representation = a pattern of connectivity
Slide 28: Where is the PLE?
Slide 29: The way networks learn is the way people learn…
Slide 30: This… Network Learning… • Hebbian associationism • based on concurrency • Back propagation • based on desired outcome • Boltzman • based on ‘settling’, annealing
Slide 31: Leads to This… Personal Learning… To teach is to model and to demonstrate To learn is to practice and reflect
Slide 32: What is the PLE?
Slide 33: We can get an idea of what the PLE looks like by drilling down into the pieces… The question is – how to transport and represent Model models that are actually - conceptual frameworks used? - wiki (wiki API, RSS) - concept maps (SVG, mapping format) - gliffy (SVG?) - reference frameworks - Wikipedia - video / 2L 3D representation – embedded spaces
Slide 34: The question is, how can we connect the Demonstrate learner with the - reference examples community at work? - code library - image samples - thought processes - show experts at work (Chaos Manor) - application - case studies - stories
Slide 35: The question is, how can we enable access to Practice multiple environments that - scaffolded practice support various activities? - game interfaces - sandboxes - job aids - flash cards - cheat sheets - games and simulations - mod kits - mmorpgs
Slide 36: The question is, how can we assist people to see themselves, their practice, in Reflection a mirror? - guided reflection - forms-based input - presentations and seminars - journaling - blogs, wikis - communities - discussion, sharing
Slide 37: People talk about ‘motivation’ – but the real issue here is ownership Choice – Identity - Creativity - simulated or actual environments that present tasks or problems - OpenID, authentication, feature or profile development - Portfolios & creative libraries
Slide 38: Learning Networks Architecture
Slide 39: http://www.downes.ca Downes
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